AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND TRANSFORMATION IN DIR STATE (1925-1969)

Abstract

This paper examines the social conditions and transformation in Dir State from 1925 to 1969 focusing on key aspects such as education, health care, jargah system, women rights, baigar (forced labour) and religion and other social fabrics during the reign of Nawab Muhammed Shah Jahan Khan until his ouster in 1960. The study also examines the changes that occurred in this area during his rule and the subsequent shift after the Government of Pakistan took control. The analyzed period was marked by significant developments and challenges in various social areas that affected the lives of people in Dir State. By analyzing historical records, archival documents, conducting personal interviews and scholarly sources, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the social dynamics, reforms and challenges that shaped Dir State during these pivotal years. Through this analysis, the article sheds light on the historical significance of the transformation in the state of Dir and its significance in the wider context of the social history of the region.